Hans borgmann



' V UNITED STATES PATENT HANS BORGMANN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PAINT-=VEHICLE.

E5PECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 387,488, dated August 7, 1888.

Application filed July 25, 1887. Serial No. 245,547. (No specimens.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANS BORGMANN, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Fixing Colors, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide a composition of matter to be used for fixing wa oer-color.

My composition consists of the following in gredients, combined in substantially the proportions stated, namely: one hundred parts, by weight, of alkali solution; one hundred parts, by weight, of water; ten to twenty parts, by weight, of caseine solution; twenty to forty parts, by weight, of an oily or oleaginous body. These ingredients are to be thoroughly mingled by heating and agitation.

The alkali solution which I use is a soda or potash solution,which I form by dissolving one part, by weight, of soda or potash in one hundred parts, by weight, of water.

The caseine solution is prepared by mixing caseinewith one per cent. ,by weight,ofalcohol.

The oily or oleaginous body which I employ is balsamic resin, wax, or fat, or a mixture of two or more of these substances. The proportion of the @sagic rgsin, wax, and fat, among themselves, depends upon the desired hardness or softness of the binding material and upon the depth or warmth of color which the binding material is to impart to the painting. By increasing the amount of resin the hardness is increased, and by increasing the amount of wax the softness is increased. Byincreas ing the amount of fat the depth or warinth of color of the painting is increased.

I have found it an advantage in forming the caseine solution to add shellac to said solution,

as thereby the hardness and durability of the binding material are increased, and I have at times used as much as equal parts of shellac and caseine; but, if desired, said shellac may be omitted and the caseine be employed without the addition of shellac.

The binding material above described is spread over the painting or drawing after said painting or drawing has been completed. An ordinary brush will serve for spreading the binding material over the painting. After the binding material has been spread over the painting or drawing said binding material is allowed to dry, after which any excess of solo.- ble matter which may be on the surface of the binding material can be removed by washing with water.

I have found my binding material to be very effective when used on colors of metallic oxide and of alkaline earths, or when the colors are applied to a foundation composed of mortar, lime, wall-glued chalk or clay, or of gypsum saturated with baryta-water.

Instead of spreading the binding material over the finished painting or drawing, the binding material may be mixed with a solution of the color, and the color and binding material thus be simultaneously applied.

What I claim is- A binding material for water-color, consisting of alkali, water, caseine, and an oleaginous body, substantially in the proportions specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HANS BORGMANN. [L. s] Witnesses:

W. O. HAUFF, E. F. KASTENHUBER. 

